Compton interactions primarily occur between an incident x-ray and which type of electron?

Compton interactions primarily occur between an incident x-ray and an outer shell electron. In this type of interaction, the high-energy x-ray photon collides with a loosely bound electron that occupies the outer energy levels of an atom. Since outer shell electrons are less tightly bound compared to inner shell electrons, they are more readily displaced by the incoming photon.

During the interaction, the incident photon transfers a portion of its energy to the outer shell electron, leading to the ejection of the electron from the atom. Consequently, the photon is scattered with reduced energy and changed direction. This phenomenon is key in radiation physics and is significant in medical imaging and radiation therapy, as it affects how x-rays interact with matter and the distribution of absorbed energy in tissues.

Understanding this interaction is crucial for professionals in the field, as it impacts the design and operation of x-ray equipment, radiation safety protocols, and imaging quality.