California ASRT Supervisor and Operator (S&O) Practice Exam

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• What is the maximum variability allowed when testing the reproducibility of exposure in radiography?
• A neural histogram compares image data to how many or more predefined histograms?
• A Moire artifact is caused by:
• The backup timer for an AEC system should terminate the exposure within 6 seconds or what mAs value?
• Is it appropriate patient-centered practice to assume that an elderly patient cannot hear well?
• Which element is not part of the Institute of Medicine's definition of patient-centered care?
• Which two components are part of ALARA?
• Which of the following is not a benefit of effective cushioning placement?
• Do reducing kVp, using a grid, and increasing collimation all contribute to decreased production of scattered radiation?
• An accurately placed gonadal shield on a supine male patient can reduce exposure to reproductive organs by how much?
• Which one of these statements about patient-centered care is true?
• Which of the following grid ratios removes the greatest amount of scatter from the primary beam?
• What type of histogram analysis matches exposure data to a standardized set?
• What effect does using a grid have on the number of scattered photons reaching the image receptor?
• Using collimation affects the primary signal by:
• According to NCRP recommendations, what is the equivalent dose limit for occupational exposure of skin, hands, and feet?
• What is the main reason for adding a filter to the primary beam?
• When repositioning a patient in a wheelchair, which is the most important area to adjust to make corrections to the patient's posture?
• Which type of equipment presents the greatest risk of exposure for radiologic technologists?
• How often should quality control checks be conducted on digital equipment?
• Which of the following is true regarding the operating console for an x-ray machine?
• Which of the following factors does not contribute to a patient's risk of nosocomial infection?
• The effective dose measurement was created to provide what?
• How can patients become involved in their care?
• The illumination of the x-ray tube light source at 100 cm must be at least how many lux?
• Half-life is defined as what?
• Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis?
• Why do PACS workstations use RAID devices?
• Which of the following does NOT require explanation when obtaining informed consent from a patient?
• When did the Joint Commission standards on patient-centered communication become effective?
• The margin of error in centering the x-ray beam to the center of the grid before significant grid cutoff occurs is known as grid what?
• The dose of radiation exposure that can cause severe biological damage is best described as:
• In which part of the cell do the majority of molecular components exist?
• What type of reproduction produces genetically identical cells?
• A three-phase x-ray generator can operate at a maximum of 100 kVp and 500mA at 100ms. What is the kilowatt rating of this generator?
• As source-to-skin distance (SSD) decreases, what happens to entrance skin exposure (ESE)?
• What is the purpose of a neural histogram in imaging?
• Recent findings suggest that genetic susceptibility may influence what in relation to radiation exposure?
• When a grid is misaligned in relation to the x-ray beam, the result is:
• What was the daily dose limit recommended in 1934 for radiation exposure?
• How can care for patients with mental health disorders be improved?
• What percentage of the human body is made up of water molecules?
• Which grid configuration features a row of parallel lines?
• Which term describes a test where the same mAs is used but with various combinations of mA and time?
• Is it true that exact tissue and organ dose absorbed can be easily calculated using indicators on modern imaging equipment?
• What is a key advantage of using digital imaging compared to traditional film?
• What is the main goal of standard precautions in healthcare settings?
• Acceptance testing of the PACS requires which key action?
• Why is it essential to follow the facility's protocol for quality control?
• Which statement best describes the false outcome of using a crosshatched grid?
• The housing of the x-ray tube must confine radiation leakage to less than how many mR per hour?
• Which of the following is a contagious illness transmitted via air or droplets commonly found in the lungs?
• Who has the ethical responsibility to practice with a focus on the ALARA principle?
• What principle explains the decrease in radiation exposure to the technologist when stepping away from x-ray patients?
• The overload protection mechanism of an x-ray generator should not permit an exposure that exceeds what percentage of the tube capacity for a single exposure?
• What is considered the most authoritative source regarding occupational exposure to radiation?
• The law that prohibits discrimination by hospitals receiving federal funding for emergency care is the?
• During which procedure is it imperative to maintain a sterile field?
• How many adverse drug events occur in the US each year due to medication misuse?
• What is the name of the third stage of acute radiation syndrome?
• What is the best way to help physicians access radiology images?
• Which factor contributes to the performance of digital imaging systems?
• In a two-person or three-person lift, which person calls out instructions?
• What part of the plate reader is responsible for collecting light photons?
• Lead aprons should have a minimum lead equivalent thickness of what?
• Which device in a plate reader functions to amplify the detected light?
• The main role of ribosomes in a cell is to:
• To maintain a sterile field, it is best to do which of the following?
• Which method is best for assessing blur caused by geometric factors?
• Does using tighter collimation help reduce "undercutting"?
• What is considered an optimal practice for radiation protection in digital imaging?
• What is the variability allowed for timer accuracy when it is longer than 10ms?
• What does special meters measure in a digital monitor?
• A primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide:
• Where is RNA located in a cell?
• Grid ratio is based on the relationship of the:
• What is the process that produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell?
• Which of the following statements regarding health literacy is true?
• What process leads to the formation of malformations or genetic diseases?
• What is one method a technologist can use to correct a saturated image?
• What is the primary interaction between x-rays and bone tissues?
• When transferring a contagious patient, which of the following is NOT a safety precaution?
• What is the most effective way to check a monitor's contrast?
• Which practice is recommended when cleaning surfaces potentially contaminated by a contagious patient?
• In neural histogram comparison, what is the minimum number of predefined histograms typically involved?
• The major disadvantage of using a grid during a radiographic procedure is:
• Of the electromagnetic radiation forms, which has the lowest energy and which has the highest?
• What is an example of family-centered care?
• What is the maximum output a cordless mobile unit can usually attain?
• A tomographic unit using what type(s) of motion must be dedicated to tomographic imaging?
• One side of the x-ray beam is stronger because some of the radiation created in the x-ray tube is absorbed by the:
• What occurs when the selected kVp is set too high?
• What principle does the thin-film transistor utilize for image capture?
• Compared to higher doses, what is the incidence of leukemia at lower doses of radiation?
• Point mutations refer to damage to which macromolecule?
• What effect does appropriate collimation have on radiographic contrast?
• How many predefined histograms does a neural histogram typically compare against?
• What is the minimum source-to-skin distance for stationary equipment?
• A priori histogram analysis involves comparing the exposure data set to how many standardized exposure data sets for a matching examination?
• Which of the following describes cells that are not highly radiosensitive?
• What factors are used to evaluate digital images?
• What is the function of a grid in an x-ray beam?
• Why are technique charts important in digital imaging?
• In a plate reader, what is the function of the detector element?
• Where is an artifact likely to appear during plate processing?
• Which part of a plate reader serves as the light-sensing element?
• A 2009 study in the Archives of Internal Medicine asserted that abnormal test results were NOT communicated to patients in approximately ___% of cases.
• Three-phase, twelve pulse generators use how many rectifiers?
• What percentage of serious medical errors is miscommunication during the handoff estimated to be a factor in?
• Which term describes the failure to do something that a reasonable person would do in a certain situation?
• In radiographic studies, when air is paired with barium or other contrast agents, what is air referred to?
• When does customizing patient care begin?
• A contagious illness caused by the Coronavirus and associated with international travel is known as what?
• What would be the expected outcome if the kVp is reduced during a radiographic procedure?
• Which type of glare is caused by light scattering within a monitor?
• Which term is used to distinguish the voltage waveforms of each type of generator?
• Compton interactions primarily occur between an incident x-ray and which type of electron?
• What is the primary goal of using filtration in radiographic procedures?
• Which type of personnel dosimeter contains a crystalline form of lithium fluoride?
• When lifting a heavy object or patient, where should you lift from?
• The indicated level of the tomographic section and the actual level of the section must correspond to within how many millimeters?
• Which of the following is a sign of edema?
• What kind of graph is typically generated to analyze imaging exposure values?
• Inhaled dust is an example of which mode of transmission?
• What is the female germ cell called?
• According to the module, sterilization is also known as which type of asepsis?
• Which scatter reduction technique also reduces patient exposure when technique adjustments are made?
• What should a technologist prioritize during the digital imaging acceptance testing process?
• How are packets of charged electrons created by CCD silicon removed?
• What major interaction occurs between x-rays and adipose (fat) tissue?
• How does the incidence of cancer due to radiation compare to that of natural causes?
• What factor has contributed to depersonalization in healthcare?
• How can cultures be best defined?
• Intentionally striking someone with intent to harm is otherwise known as what?
• Using a crosshatched grid allows you to direct the beam at any angle. Is this statement true or false?
• What characteristic best identifies a natural source of radiation?
• Which statement is true regarding PSP plate-scanning?
• Using a neutral third party to help two other parties come to an agreement is known as what?
• What occurs to patient exposure when using a fluoroscopic magnification mode?
• A visual inspection of x-ray equipment should occur at least how often?
• To prevent tabletop material from absorbing excessive amounts of radiation, what is the maximum tabletop thickness over the Bucky assembly?
• How frequently should the technologist physically examine digital equipment?
• The patient-centered medical home reorganizes care delivery at which level?
• What task does the DICOM "get worklist" command initiate?
• What is the primary purpose of drug labeling according to the FDA?
• Who is responsible for verifying the accuracy of patient identifiers in DICOM headers before an exam?
• Why are immunocompromised individuals at a higher risk for infections?
• Noise can be reduced by performing which of the following actions?
• Which of the following reduce the production of scattered radiation?
• What is the primary reason filtration is added to the x-ray beam?
• As much as ___% of litigation relates to problems in communication which influence patient expectations?
• Which of the following is NOT required for long-term positions?
• What causes the x-ray beam to weaken as it travels away from the x-ray tube?
• Which of the following is essential when dealing with blood-borne pathogens?
• What does pixel pitch primarily determine about an image?
• What protocol should radiologic technologists follow for quality control testing of digital imaging equipment?
• A service class provider (SCP) device associated with PACS can deliver information to which of the following?
• Why is water considered a vital component in protoplasm?
• What term describes light that is scattered inside the display monitor?
• What is the primary goal of using cushioning during patient transfer?
• When should a caregiver begin repositioning a patient?
• When ionizing radiation interacts with a cell, what can it interact with?
• What type of biological effects can ionizing radiation induce based on significant exposure levels?
• What does using a 1-on-1 exposure help eliminate?
• Is effective communication in healthcare a one-way process?
• What is each square in the matrix of a thin-film transistor referred to as?
• Which of the following describes a person's center of gravity?
• At what point does the light emission from electrons contribute to imaging?
• What does ALARA stand for in the context of radiation protection?
• What type of information does a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) store?
• A 14-by 17 inch grid with grid lines running parallel to the 17" side is referred to as what type of grid?
• What effect does automatic rescaling have on patient exposure?
• Can appropriate collimation help in enhancing image quality?
• At which point do electrons emit light during the scanning process?
• Which organization measures and reports levels of exposure to ionizing radiation?
• Patient-centered care aims to improve which aspect of patients' experiences?
• In the case of pressure ulcers, which area of the body is generally the most at risk?
• What is another term for automatic collimation?
• How can spatial luminance of monitors be effectively measured?
• What minimum information should be included when entering order information into a technologist workstation?
• Which of the following is NOT a step in the risk management process?
• What is the best method to determine if adequate filtration exists in a radiographic unit?
• Why is it important to carefully place weights (sandbags) when immobilizing a patient?
• Wavelength is defined as the:
• What is the purpose of the prefetching capability in a PACS archive?
• If filtration is not used in a radiographic unit, by what percentage can patient skin dose increase?
• Which pathology necessitates a decrease in radiographic technique to maintain signal intensity?
• What does increasing patient exposure generally indicate in radiographic practices?
• What is the standard method for ensuring adequate image quality in digital radiography?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of patient-centered care?
• What is the primary purpose of maintaining a clear airway in a patient?
• The exposure switch should be fixed within the control booth and positioned at least how far from any opening?
• When engaging in a priori histogram analysis, one compares the data to what?
• Which of the following is not one of the six quality aims expressed by the Institute of Medicine?
• Does increasing kVp increase the number of x-rays emitted from the x-ray tube?
• According to the US Census Bureau, by which year will the US be a majority-minority nation?
• How much lead equivalent material is typically found in most lead aprons?
• Using two sheets to transfer a patient from a stretcher is important for which of the following reasons?
• Which x-ray generator is the most efficient and provides the greatest signal intensity based on the same technical factors?
• Somatic effects of ionizing radiation primarily affect which of the following?
• When should the same amount of radiation be created at any mAs setting? When this does not occur, which law has failed?
• Which of the following will NOT reduce your risk of developing a musculoskeletal disorder?
• The light field and radiation field must be congruent to within what percentage of the SID?
• Which statement regarding digital fluoroscopy test phantoms is false?
• What happens to signal intensity when part thickness increases without a corresponding increase in radiographic technique?
• Which organ system is NOT significantly affected by acute radiation syndrome?
• When employing collimation in digital imaging, what is the best method to maintain image quality and minimize patient dose?
• Which patient condition necessitates the use of a two-person lift for safe transfer?
• A priori histogram analysis is characterized by what key comparison?
• What is the primary benefit of using digital over analog imaging?
• What is the most common type of sensor found in AEC systems?
• Which of the following injuries is primarily due to ionizing radiation?
• What percentage increase in medical radiation exposure to the US population since 1980 was identified in a study?
• The relationship of a grid's height to the thickness of the interspace material is referred to as the grid:
• Which of the following is considered a primary method for radiation protection?
• According to the ACR, what is the maximum entrance exposure for chest views using an ACR phantom?
• How often should the focal spot size be evaluated after acceptance testing?
• Why is cultural competence essential to patient-centered care?
• What is the "absolute legal responsibility for an injury that can be imposed on the wrongdoer without proof of carelessness or fault"?
• It is estimated that more than what percentage of all hospital radiology departments have radiographic equipment that uses an AEC system?
• Which method is used to evaluate image receptor-radiation field alignment?
• What four nitrogenous bases make up the "ladder rungs" of the DNA double helix?
• The x-ray tube central ray must be within how many degrees of perpendicular?
• In the patient-centered medical home model, care is directed by whom?
• How soon should you check on patients after you've placed them in a new position?
• What is the purpose of wearing a personnel dosimeter?
• Which 3 interactions between ionizing radiation and tissues occur at energies within the diagnostic range of 20 to 150 kV?
• Which factor does NOT affect brightness and contrast on a digital image?
• Which of the following should be used for lifting bariatric patients onto a radiographic table?
• What is the most common type of detector used for performance testing in radiography?
• What is the primary cause of ionizing radiation damage in the body?
• Which action minimizes the appearance of grid lines on a radiographic image?
• Which of the following is the last link in the chain of infection?
• What factors influence the vertical resolution of a monitor?
• Where are the photostimulable phosphors located in a PSP plate?
• Grid cutoff can occur due to which of the following?
• For a digital examination of scoliosis, which method can a radiographer choose?
• What is the variability allowed for timer accuracy when it is less than 10ms?
• What regulates the time station of new high-frequency units?
• The skin dose limit for occupational exposure is mainly concerned with what aspect?
• During a time-out, which of the following must team members agree on at a minimum?
• The density control function of an AEC unit allows for changes in radiation exposure of at least what percentage for each increment?
• Uranium has a higher relative biological effectiveness, which leads to what kind of biological damage?
• What exposure values are manipulated by histogram analyses to create an image?
• Which of the following does not enhance the medical professional to patient relationship?
• What is a disadvantage of installing PACS viewing software on existing computers throughout a facility?