When a grid is misaligned in relation to the x-ray beam, the result is:

When a grid is misaligned in relation to the x-ray beam, the primary consequence is a decrease in the overall effectiveness of the grid. Grids are designed to absorb scattered radiation while allowing the primary x-ray beam to pass through. When the grid is misaligned, a significant portion of the primary beam can also be attenuated, which leads to a reduction in the amount of useful signal that reaches the image receptor. This results in a decreased signal that can diminish image quality.

The alignment of a grid with the x-ray beam is critical for maintaining the desired radiographic contrast, as the grid’s purpose is to enhance contrast by reducing scatter. Misalignment leads to an influx of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor, which can obscure details. In this situation, the image may become foggy or less distinct, compromising the diagnostic utility of the radiograph.

While one might ponder how increased scatter radiation could be a factor, it's essential to recognize that the misalignment itself directly affects the signal quality, causing the overall decrease in clarity or intensity of the image. Thus, the phenomenon of decreased signal is the most accurate descriptor of the outcome when a grid is not properly aligned with the x-ray beam.