Which of the following is a contagious illness transmitted via air or droplets commonly found in the lungs?

The correct answer is Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious illness caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and being transmitted through the air. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, they release droplets containing the bacteria into the air, which can then be inhaled by others nearby, leading to potential infection.

This transmission method distinguishes tuberculosis from the other diseases listed. Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver and is primarily transmitted through blood or bodily fluids, not through air or droplets. AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) but is not itself transmitted through the air; rather, it spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids. Similarly, HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding, rather than through respiratory droplets.

Understanding the transmission methods of these diseases helps in managing public health and implementing appropriate infection control practices in medical settings and the community.